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How we count your calories

Last reviewed: 2026-10-27 · Deutsch

Most fitness apps count a ruck like a walk. Rucksteady counts the pack.

The model counts your pack, your speed and the slope

We use the Pandolf equation (1977). It estimates the energy cost of walking from four things: your body weight, the weight you carry, your speed and the slope. We add a small factor for mixed trails (1.1× a paved road). Your body and pack weight come from your profile and from the ruck itself.

For an 80 kg person walking at 1.5 m/s on the flat, the equation predicts about 484 W with a 16 kg pack instead of 417 W without one.

No pack417 W
16 kg pack484 W
Pandolf estimate at 1.5 m/s on the flat, 80 kg walker

Three things we leave out on purpose

CaseCounted asWhy
DownhillFlat groundThe equation is not valid downhill
Faster than 6:40 min/kmThat paceUsually a GPS jump or a ride
Resting energy (Apple Health, Health Connect)SubtractedSo your phone does not count it twice

The number is an estimate, not a measurement

The model was built on soldiers, and newer US Army research shows that the classic equations underestimate the cost of heavy loads. Phone GPS adds its own error, especially on climbs.

Calories are a model estimate, not a measurement, and not medical or dietary advice.

Sources

  1. Pandolf KB, Givoni B, Goldman RF. Predicting energy expenditure with loads while standing or walking very slowly. J Appl Physiol 1977. (accessed 2026-10-20)
  2. Looney DP et al. Modeling the Metabolic Costs of Heavy Military Backpacking. Med Sci Sports Exerc 2022. (accessed 2026-10-20)